Hi, from my experience, after developing various wordpress themes & wordpress theme framework. If i talk about some of the free plugins that i used most during the theme development, i will name the few.
1. ACF (Advanced Custom Fields) by elliotcondon
This plugin allows you to add custom fields in the post, page etc. and then we can use the custom field values using the php functions provided by the ACF. It is very easy to use. After installing the plugin you will be provided with the GUI to add the custom field & then you can select where this custom field should appear whether it should appear in post, page etc. Steps to use this plugin:
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>acf field<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"field_name"</span> post_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"123"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token php"><span class="token delimiter"><?php</span> <span class="token function">the_field<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token variable">$field_name</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$post_id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token delimiter">?></span></span>
2. Options Framework by Devin Price
The one thing that we more often see in the premium themes is theme options. To do so in our theme we can this free wordpress plugin. Getting started with this plugin is very easy.
<?php echo of_get_option('name_of_the_option'); ?>
3.WCK - Custom Fields & Custom Post Types Creator by Various
As described in the wordpress plugin repository, WCK is a must have tool for creating custom fields, custom post types and taxonomies, fast and without any programming knowledge & that is true to great extent. Using this plugin is easy too.
<?php the_terms( $post->ID, 'name_of_taxonomy', '', ', ', ' ' ); ?>
4.Search & Filter by DesignAndCode
As described in the wordpress plugin repository, Search & Filter is a simple search and filtering plugin for WordPress - it is an advancement of the WordPress search box. And this is a great plugin. Getting started is really easy.
[searchandfilter fields="search,category,post_tag"]
<?php echo do_shortcode('[searchandfilter fields="search,category,post_tag"]'); ?>